Articulos Ecoéticos
Hola a todos!
Aqui van 10 artículos científicos en donde se toca el tema tan delicado de la bioética. Les dejo un pequeño resumen y el link para accesar.
Saludos!
Jaime y la Civetta
1
Roles of religion and ethics in addressing climate change
The world is now living a constant climate change. The article initial addresses what we know about this and what are the possible responsible of the issue. However the main thesis of this article is the argument that religion has major roles to play in enabling the worlds societies and individuals to take the actions necessary to address climate change causes, impacts and related issues in an effective and ethical manner. It also refers to the main religions' functions in society and the power they have of inspiring action against climate change. Finally it concludes that religion is a possible solution to the future climate crisis.
Posas, P. (2007). Roles of religion and ethics in addressing climate change. [Electronic version] Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics (ESEP), 7, 31-49. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://www.int-res.com/articles/esep/2007/E80.pdf
2
Living coelacanths: values, eco-ethics and human responsibility
The article refers to the Coelacanths, which are the only living representatives of the crossopterygian fish. These organisms are very close to the roots of our own vertebrate history and therefore occupy a unique position among living fossils. There is a long history behind them where we can find them appearing in language, poetry, fiction and many art forms as a synonym for long evolutionary age, timeless existence, tenacity and immortality. , It is also symbol of a new national identity in the Cornoro Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean. The author argues that it is of high value and importance the role coelacanths play in biodiversity. Finally the writer concludes that the fate of coelacanths lies in our hands and it will be a measure of the success or failure of 'eco-ethics' to protect and save these organisms.
Fricke, H. (1997). Living coelacanths: values, eco-ethics and human responsibility. [Electronic version] Marine Ecology Progress Series (MEPS), 161, 1-15. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/161/m161p001.pdf
3
Telomeres and the Ethics of Human Cloning
This article refers to the risks and the potential problems with cloning. The author explains the phenomenon of telomere shortening which is caused by cell replication and that clones created from somatic cells will have shortened telomeres and therefore reach a state of senescence (aging) more rapidly. He also argues that even though genetic intervention might fix this problem at some point in the future, this biological phenomenon undermines the moral aspect of cloning of this is not solved.
Fritz, A. (2004). Telomeres and the Ethics of Human Cloning. [Electronic version] The American Journal of Bioethics, 4(2), 29-31. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://bioethics.net/journal/j_articles.php?aid=104
4
How Participants in Cancer Trials are Chosen:
Ethics and Conflicting Interests
This articles talks about how the development of new drugs for cancer is extremely complex and expensive, and shows its ethical problems. Also it refers to the issues in clinical trials for cancer drugs, the doctor-patient relationship and their interaction with the industry. The authors make reference to the Declaration of Helsinki and argue it cannot be applied to cancer trials as it is currently written, that patients do not and perhaps cannot give fully informed consent to participate, and that the results of clinical trials do not translate into daily practice in a way that patients might expect.
Jayson, G. and Harris J (2006). How Participants in Cancer Trials are Chosen: Ethics and Conflicting Interests. [Electronic version] Nature Reviews Cancer, 6(4), 330-336. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/530558
5
Increasing Bioethics Education in Preclinical Medical Curricula: What Ethical Dilemmas Do Clinical Clerks Experience?
The article refers to the increase in bioethics education in preclinical curricula enabling medical students to recognize ethical issues and determine right action. The authors wanted to explore the ethical dilemmas medical students experience during clinical clerkships. They sent an e-mail invitation and 100 of 104 graduating medical students allowed their final ethics assignment to be a written description of an ethical dilemma experienced during clinical clerkship in order to be analyzed. After all identifiers were removed, the texts underwent qualitative analysis and were then reanalyzed using Jameton's determinants of moral action. Finally four themes emerged: the clinical service rotation, target, source, and nature of the ethical dilemma. For many clinical clerks, the ethical dilemma arose because they recognized an ethical issue but neither brought it to their supervisors nor resolved it themselves for fear of incurring disfavor. Clinical clerks' experiences of ethical dilemmas might be mitigated if residency education and professional development had an increase in preclinical ethics education and if ethics training included encouraging students to discuss ethical issues as they arise.
Kelly, E. and Nisker, J. (2009). Increasing Bioethics Education in Preclinical Medical Curricula: What Ethical Dilemmas Do Clinical Clerks Experience? [Electronic version] Academic Medicine, 84(4), 498-504. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/703603
6
Bioethics in China
This article refers of the development of bioethics in China and how historically there were preconditions for the emergence of it such as political reforms and their applications. It talks how The Hanson Euthanasia Case and the publication of Quiz Ren-zong's academic work Bioethics played a significant role in the development of bioethics in China. Other contributory factors include the establishment of the Chinese Society of Medical Ethics/Chinese Medical Association (C.M.A), the publication of the Journal of Chinese Medical Ethics, and the teaching and education of bioethics in China. Among the major achievements of bioethics in China the author includes the establishment of ethics committee and ethics review system, active international communication and cooperation among the academic circles, and the successful management of the 8th World Congress of Bioethics in Beijing in 2006. However, the author concludes saying that there are still some aspects to be improved.
En-Chang, L. (2008). Bioethics in China. [Electronic version] Bioethics, 22(8), 448-454. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&hid=9&sid=ceac9f14-8907-4ad5-a925-771001447871%40sessionmgr11
7
The bioethics of stem cell research and therapy
This is a discussion of how the bioethics of human stem cell research has transitioned from controversies over the source of human embryonic stem cells to concerns about the ethical use of stem cells in basic and clinical research. Some important aspects the authors refers are the derivation and use of other human embryonic stem cell-like stem cells that have the capacity to differentiate into all types of human tissue and the use of all types of stem cells in clinical research. Each of these issues is discussed in addition to the summaries of the past, present, and future bioethical issues in stem cell research the author presents.
Hyun, I. (2010). The bioethics of stem cell research and therapy. [Electronic version] The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120(1), 71-75. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&hid=9&sid=ca1b9e74-733d-4941-8d21-7383dfc905f4%40sessionmgr12
8
Religion, Bioethics and Nursing Practice
This article talks about the study of religions and identifies six considerations that arise in religious studies and the ways in which religious faith is expressed. It argues that whole-person care cannot be realized, neither can there be a complete understanding of bioethics theory and decision making, without a rigorous understanding of religious ethical systems. Also, due to the fact that religious traditions differ in their cosmology and ethical methods, and because religious subtraditions interact with specific cultures, each religion and subtradition has something distinctive to offer to the ethical understanding. A brief example of this is shown by Native American religions, specifically their view of ‘speech' and ‘words' that may be able to help find new insights for bioethics.
Fowler, M. (2009). Religion, Bioethics and Nursing Practice.
[Electronic version] Nursing Ethics. 16(4), 393-405. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&hid=9&sid=5d640928-1590-488a-be54-e6580e381888%40sessionmgr14
9
The Debate over Physician-Assisted Suicide: Empirical Data and Convergent Views
The debate over physician-assisted suicide is a small part of the process of improving care for all dying patients and their families. Available data, although limited, can help clarify this narrow debate and can provide a useful context for articulation of the common ground. This paper reviews the data regarding the physician-assisted suicide, which suggest that unnecessary end-of-life suffering can be considerably reduced by improving access to and delivery of palliative care and improving recognition and treatment of pain and depression in terminally ill persons. Terminal sedation and the voluntary cessation of eating and drinking may be legally acceptable alternatives to physician-assisted suicide for the few patients whose suffering cannot be made tolerable with standard palliative interventions. Also it refers that physicians should not violate their fundamental values when faced with such patients but should make patients aware of the full range of available alternatives to prolonged, intolerable distress. The objective of this article, as the authors explain, is to provide background data that help clarify the debate about physician-assisted suicide and to outline areas of general agreement about physicians' responsibility to their dying patients.
Quill, T; Meier, D; Block, S. and Billings, A. (1998). The Debate over Physician-Assisted Suicide: Empirical Data and Convergent Views. [Electronic version] Annals of Internal Medicine. 128, 552-558. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://www.annals.org/content/128/7/552.full.pdf+html
10
Research on Ethnic Eco-ethics and Eco-civilization's Construction in Chinese Ethnic Regions
This article talks about Eco-civilization and how it is the integral product of material achievement, spiritual achievement and regulations. It's the cultural and ethical manifestation of the harmonic coexistence of humans and nature, balanced development, sustainable prosperity. The authors argue that to some extent the ecological ethics of the minorities is very important to protect the natural ecological environment, and promote the continuous and harmonic development of the ethnic regions. In this paper the method to construct the eco-civilization in Chinese ethnic regions are explained, such as the development of the eco-ethics of the minorities, and educate the sense of eco-citizen, perfection of the policies and regulations to protect the ecological environment of the ethnic regions.
Guo, J; Mao, H. and Yang, Y. (2009). Research on Ethnic Eco-ethics and Eco-civilization's Construction in Chinese Ethnic Regions. [Electronic version] Journal of Sustainable Development. 2(3), 122-126. Retrieved April 3rd, 2010, from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/viewFile/4245/3694
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